The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin Crew TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Purpose/Audience 5 Sources 5 Limitaions 5 Scope 5 COLLECTED DATA 5 Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5 Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6 Duties of the Crew Members 7 Expectations of the Crew 7 The Crew is a Team 8 Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8 Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9 Trusting the Crew's Judgment 9 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9 Outline of CRM Training 10 LOFT Training 10 Organizing Resources and Priorities 11 CONCLUSION 11 Summary of Findings 11 Interpretation of Findings 11 REFERENCES 13 ABSTRACT The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews' performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likely there'll be an accident. INTORDUCTION Background The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error can't be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced. Purpose/Audience This report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program. Sources Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Mich... ...grams like CRM are very helpful in instilling these principles and breaking the bad habits. Poor attitiudes and habits can't be changed overnight. That's why there is a need for recurrent CRM training. Communicaiton and teamwork is the key to safe and effective operations. There's no "I" in CREW but there is "WE". REFERENCES Chute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. "Cockpit/cabin communication: I. A tale of two cultures." [http://olias.arc.nasa.gov/personnel/people/RebeccaChute/JA1.htm.]. Oct 1996. Federal Aviation Administration. (1995) Crew resource management training (AFS- 210, AC no. 120-51B). Washington, D. C. Nader, R. & Smith, W. J. (1994). Collision course: The truth about airline safety. PA: TAB Books. FAA News. "Atlantic coast airlines first to use FAA crew performance program." [http://www.dot.gov/affairs/apa15596.htm]. Sept 1996. Helmreich, R. L. "The evolution of crew resource management." [http://www.psy.utexas.edu/psy/helmreich/iata96/htm]. Oct 1996. Chute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. (1996). Cockpit-cabin communicaiton: II. shall we tell the pilot? The International Journal of Aviaiton Phychology, 6 (3), 211- -229

Psychology textbook Essay

I didn’t know that psychology actually had a goal until I read the introduction to Psychology textbook. I am learning a lot of new things on this subject. For instance science of psychology has four main goals and they are as listed, described, predict, understand, and mental process and influence behavior. In my own words here they are. Describing: collecting information from the population by certain targeted people. The prediction goal is self explanatory it’s mostly meant for making assumption or predictions of what will become of your study before you actually know what will happen. The third goal of psychology is Understand, in this area you never really know when the information that you learn will change the next day or even within the next year. Psychology is a continuously growing field and the information that is gathered is only considered as theories and always changes, sometimes without knowledge or notice. Lets move on to influences which in my opinion one of the most used in everyday life . for instance a toddler is encourage to learn how to walk and talk. And a teenager can be pressured into doing things and making choices that they wouldn’t originally have made without the influence from their peers. Influencing people can be good too. For instance you can be influenced by coworkers and supervisors to take an open position that they feel you would get with no problem. Another example is to get the influence to do better than you are currently doing whether it be work, school, or making a better relationship with you family. The Biology and behavior was hard for me to decide what section to write about because there were so many to choose from. I didn’t want to be wrong about this section so I decided to pick the part that stood out the most to me. I am going talk about the Nervous System. It’s a really important part of the body because it helps you maintain consciousness and your behavior. The nervous system has billions of neurons. They are too, a very important part in the body because they do things such as sending messages from one end to the other end of the neuron. They are also called wires. To show why the nervous system is a really important part of the body, I will use the wires in a radio for an example. The wires in the radio are the main connection for it to provide power to send to the wires that go throughout the radio in order to hear the sound and in for it to recognize what needs to be done when certain buttons are pressed. Without the power cord the radio would really have no use. When the power cord is plugged into a power outlet the power cord provides the ability for the radio to produce sound from the speakers. It enables the buttons to work properly so that you can press the play button on the radio and hear the tracks on a CD. The wires also give you the ability to actually hear the music that comes out of the speakers. The next topics I will mention are sensation and perception. First I will mention what sensation is, it allows your brain to connect with the outer part of your body and transfer it to the inside of your body to your brain. For example, touching things with different temperature let’s say you touch or hold ice. If you hold it the ice long enough you may begin to feel a numbing sensation and you may start getting cold or experiencing the chills or goose bumps. Another example would be touching something hot. Due to the high degrees in the object you may experience pain or even have burn marks on your skin. Now lets move on to Perception which n my words mean, getting information and making images of them. There are a few different types of perception for instance â€Å"constancy† this also has different types. But for now we will use size constancy. When you look at the very same object from different angles and distances, it may appear smaller or bigger than it really is. Picture looking at a large building out of a window on an airplane before it takes off of the ground and try watching it until you get in the sky. It will appear to be much smaller than it did when you were viewing it at a closer distance but you know the actual building didn’t get smaller, it was the distance that you were viewing it at that made it look a different size. We all must know that perception is just about the same in everyone and that’s the reason we are able to communicate with each other.

Summary Of An Inspector Calls - 957 Words

Immigration – Arthur Calwell (Interviewee) – Martin Nguyen 10H2 Interviewer: Good afternoon Arthur Calwell, it is an honor to have you here and allow us to question your immigration aspects. Firstly, I would love to know more about your family and how they came to Australia. Interviewee: Good afternoon to you too, it initially started with my grandpa from America who came to Victoria in 1853 and wedded my Welsh grandma, and my mom is the little girl of an Irishman who had come to Melbourne by a boat. My mother gave birth to seven children, me being the oldest child, born on the 28th of August 1896 in Melbourne. Interviewer: So tell us, what was the start of your career and were you influenced by your family? Did it change your education? Interviewee: I was brought up in the Catholic confidence of my mom and Irish maternal grandma, in which I went to Christian Brothers College, North Melbourne, registered and entered the Victorian Public Service on 28 March 1913 as an agent in the Department of Agriculture then later in 1923 I was to move to the Treasury. Soon later when I turned 19, I became the secretary of the Melbourne branch of the Australian Labor Party. Interviewer: What thoughts in life made you consider immigration aspects into the creation of the new immigration policy? Interviewee: As the past of the war deeply lies in our soils, Australia had been debilitated with the intrusion of the Japanese. We couldn t protect ourselves as we didn t have enoughShow MoreRelatedIs3350 Unit 2 Assignment 1807 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary on Veteran’s Affairs (VA) and Loss of Private Information IS3350 Unit 2 Assignment 1: Executive Summary on Veteran’s Affairs (VA) and Loss of Private Information Background On 3 May 2006, a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) laptop was stolen from a VA data analyst’s home in Montgomery County, Maryland. In addition to the laptop, a personal external hard drive was stolen. The external hard drive contained the personal data (names, social security numbers, dates of birthRead MoreExpress Maintenance Case a Essay examples642 Words   |  3 Pagesculture by using Management by Objectives (MBO) to ensure all the workers’ the efficiency and effectiveness, since the Express used Pay-For-Performance (PFP) plan to annually evaluate the managers. 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Alzheimer s A Type Of Dementia - 1660 Words

Introduction: Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes complications with memory, thinking, and behavior. Long before any signs of memory loss, there a microscopic changes occurring in the brain, altering its functionality (Alzheimer s Association Organization, 2016). The brain has billions of nerve cells that work together, and when one portion of the brains neurons are malfunctioning it leads to breakdowns in other parts of the brain. The two most noted abnormal structures that are suspected to damage and kill neurons in the brain in patients with Alzheimer’s are plaques and tangles. Plaques are deposits of a proteins fragment called beta-amyloid that build up in the spaces between nerve cells; and tangles are twisted fibers of another protein called tau that build up inside cells (Alzheimer s Association Organization, 2016). There are many different types of dementia, but Alzheimer’s is the most common, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases in America (Alzheimer s Association Organization, 2016). There are three types of Alzheimer’s, Early-onset Alzheimer’s, when people younger than 65 years old are diagnosed with the disease, typically around their 40’s or 50’s and is very rare, less than 10% of all people with Alzheimer’s have early-onset; Late-onset Alzheimer’s which is what most people are familiar with, and is when someone is diagnosed with the disease after the age of 65; and lastly, Familial Alzheimer’s disease which is a form that doctors know forShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : A Type Of Dementia1154 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with your memory and behavior. Dementia is a term for the severe loss of mental ability that it interferes with your daily life. This is caused by damage to the brain cells. 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Marxist Theory and Sport Essay - 1538 Words

This essay will be an attempt to bring together the ideas from our class readings about the Marxist sociological perspective as well as insight from other readings to further my understanding of Marxism and its applications to sport. I will lay the groundwork for the theory then proceed with how his theory is applied to accessibility issues in sport, distribution of power in sport and commercialization of sport. Basics of Marxist Theory The most widely used political and ideological system of thought is that of Karl Marx. Marxism is a set of ideas trying to provide an explanation for human society. Although a little over a hundred years old his theories and thoughts have led to coups, revolutions and new waves theories and academics. As†¦show more content†¦Improving ones own position within their social hierarchy in society is impossible for the Proletariat: there is no social mobility, meritocracy (a system of social stratification based on personal merit) and/or ladder-system, as the class being born into will already determine the position in the social hierarchy (Lecture Notes, 2005). The polarization between these two classes is obvious and conflict will occur as a result of inequalities. The Marxists perspective is dominantly based on economic factors and over emphasizes them; money is assumed to be everything within society and social life. In my view, something is clearly missing here such as values and other social factors. Assuming that money is everything within society leads to assumptions that those owning the productive and therefore economic resources are given the power and use it to control those without to maintain their hegemony. Further factors that can form and shape society like gender, ethnicity, age, culture etc. are not taken into consideration and neglected. Hence the Marxist perspective focuses on having versus not having, earning versus not earning and powerful versus powerless. Marxism and Sport Marxism tries to identify which sports are accessible to whom. A recent example: in contemporaryShow MoreRelatedTheory of Marxism and Sports849 Words   |  4 Pageshow a theory invented by Karl Marx can intertwine with sports as we know it. The Marxist theory mainly affects how people can participate in different sports depending on their class status. In the first two paragraphs, the paper will describe the basic intentions of the Marxist Theory and its background. The next two paragraphs will explain how the the theory and spoats coincide. The Marxist theory is used all over the world. In fact, it is used moer than any other social theory. HisRead More Theory of marxism and sports Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesabout to be presented is about how a theory invented by Karl Marx can intertwine with sports as we know it. The Marxist theory mainly affects how people can participate in different sports depending on their class status. In the first two paragraphs, the paper will describe the basic intentions of the Marxist Theory and its background. The next two paragraphs will explain how the the theory and spoats coincide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Marxist theory is used all over the world. In factRead MoreMarxism And Functionalism : Society And Sport Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay a comparison of two different sociological perspectives such as Marxism and Functionalism through society and sport, highlighting the benefits and problems. Both, Marxism and Functionalism are sets of ideas trying to provide an explanation for human society and how it operates. 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Different newspapers reflect Read MoreComparing the Marxist and Functionalist Views on the Role of Education in Industrial Society1300 Words   |  6 Pages Comparing the Marxist and Functionalist Views on the Role of Education in Industrial Society The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is theRead MoreMarxist Theory Of A Utopian Society1962 Words   |  8 PagesThis quote clarifies, Marxist theory is centered on the fact that each social class associated certain social meanings. this is reflected when Huxley States, â€Å"They’ll grow up with what psychologists used to call an ‘instinctive’ hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.†(Huxley 22) Epsilon are conditioned to hate books and flowers when they are babies They receive repetitive shock therapy the reason for this is so that there is no risk for the masses to read something thatRead MoreViolence in Sports - an Ethical Perspective2376 Words   |  10 PagesViolence in sport has become far too commonplace. Aggressive sports such as football and hockey involve many aggressive tactics; however far too often do these aggressive tactics become overshadowed by deliberate acts of violence with the intent to cause bodily harm t o an opponent. Many professional and non-profession athletes, as well as coaches, have adapted the mentality that winning is the common goal that all who participate in sport strive for and therefore feel that engaging in violent actsRead MoreHow and Why Athletes Draw Consumers to Use Specific Products3029 Words   |  13 Pagesby some type of sporting event. 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Functionalism and Marxism are the two main perspectives which will be studied; Marxism is a structural conflict sociological theory whereas functionalism is a structural consensus sociological theory. Functionalism sees society as a wholeRead MoreEssay about Education in Sport708 Words   |  3 PagesEducation in Sport The development of modern sport as a global entity have been inextricably linked to the concept of education. Modern sport originated in educational institutes primarily in Britain during the mid-to-late nineteenth century, and was exported worldwide as an integral part of that educational system. Within these institutions, sport was originally seen as a device for building and demonstrating character, a rather vague term that is still used as a

Why CSR is important for corporations free essay sample

Since the origins in the middle of last century (Spector, 2008 cited in Carroll and Shabana, 2010: 86), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been becoming an increasingly influencing factor in corporate governance. KPMG (2008 cited in Du et al. , 2010: 13) indicates that the proportion of the 250 hugest enterprises in the world who annually release CSR reports has grown up from 50% in 2005 to 80% in 2008. Porter and Kramer (2006: 80) declare that CSR is more likely to be advantages such as opportunity, innovation, and competitive advantage for a company rather than disadvantages such as cost, constraint or charitable deed. This essay aims to explain and evaluate the extent to which this statement implies, and the benefits and drawbacks of CSR in terms of the short run and long run development in corporations. The complicated connotation of CSR results in the difficulty of understanding intensively and application efficiently. Despite the wide range of definition, CSR generally refers to the obligation to meet or exceed the expectations of stakeholders beyond economic and legal means, but including human, environmental and ethical perspective (Cable, 2005 cited in Mullins 2010: 713). In this sense, CSR is coping with he interest of itself and all those who have interest and can be affected by an organisations operations. Henriques (2004: 27) puts forward that the stakeholder issues can be classified as the triple bottom line (economic, social and environmental). In order to achieve the sustainability both in corporations and society, making CSR strategy synthetically and balancing the triple bottom line are necessary. Even though being a socially desirable event at present, there do also exist some objective arguments that CSR might have some negative influence and reduce competitiveness in the short term. First of all, there is no doubt that taking social responsibility could lead to an increase in financial expense for corporations. CSR diverts from the businesses initial objective that is profits maximization (Friedman, 1962 cited in Carroll and Shabana, 2010: 88), since the same corporate resources should have been better used in valued-added business projects (Friedman, 1970 cited in McWilliams et al. 2006:3). Additionally, Henderson (2001 : 30-31) indicates that cost increase and negative performance can be carried by CSR endeavour, and the benefits from CSR are suspicious or out of proportion. Second, CSR can raise time onsumption. The fact that business managers usually do not have enough professional skills to solve social problems (Davis, 1973 cited in Carroll and Shabana, 2010: 88) mean s companies need to consult outside stakeholders for solution, which is time-consuming behaviour (Henderson, 2001 : 31) except for the time have already spent on CSR deeds. In addition, organisations have to launch particular department and employees to handle such issues, which will reduce the work efficiency and the use ratio of corporate resources. Both the cost and time consumption can reduce corporations competitiveness in the severe market. Thirdly, to some extent, the extra competition. Due to the direction of public opinion and government regulation, some companies, such as Nike and Shell, take social responsibility not out of real intention but because of social pressure (Porter and Kramer, 2006: 80), which demonstrates that free market competition is controlled. Moreover, once socially responsible companies realize the cost and constraint, they will take advantage of public opinion and government regulation to force others to engage in CSR especially small companies are more easily to be affected (Henderson, 2001 : 31). For those small ompanies, they have to give up some profits to meet the demand, hence, compelled CSR behaviour does not always meet the businesses strategies even do harm to advancement because it can limit competition. From these aspects, if companies explore social responsibility projects without destination and analysing the resources they own, and only follow the mainstream, they cannot obtain great benefits from CSR even give rise to negative effect. On the other hand, based on the internal environment analysis, strategic CSR can distribute the scarce resource efficiently and bring substantial benefits such as the ntangible resources to organisations. First, socially responsible deeds can produce opportunities by enhancing corporations reputation. Smith (2003: 18) contends that if companies are accountable for social, they will be patronized increasingly for their good reputation from those responsible endeavours. Furthermore, reputation not only attracts customers, but also may establish relationships with stakeholders such as employees, suppliers and investors, because people generally tend to cooperate with such socially responsible organisations with good brand images (Sprinkle and Maines, 2010: 448). For instance, Edward Jones has become one of the most attractive companies people want to work for, because of its ethic (Smith, 2003: 20); additionally, in the investment field, nearly $2,000 billions was invested in socially responsible projects, up 40% on 1999 and keep increasing (ibid). Therefore, reputation is not only the valuable intangible resource itself, but also can improve other resources such the human resource and business relationships. Second, as a proactive approach, CSR can strengthen innovation (Asongu, 2007: 1). Asongu (2007: 3-4) indicates that in the sense of being CSR initiatives, innovation involves both the utcomes of intentional research and development endeavour, and the serendipitous inspiration of improving cooperate performance. Additionally, the innovation usually comes with other positive side effect such as reduction of production cost (Sprinkle and Maines, 2010: 447) Take Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the world, as an example. In order to offset the pollution it brings, Wal-Mart design a little bit for one toy brand to reduce excessive packaging, which lead to 497 fewer containers usage, more than $2. million per year freight saving, 38-hundred trees reduction and one thousand barrels of oil (Werther and Chandler, 2011:75-76). A little innovation on the packaging can bring so considerable rewards not mention to other great ideas derives from the CSR initiative. Third, CSR can reduce the risk of government regulation (Carroll and Shabana, 2010: 89). If firms can forecast the future government regulation and social desirability by means of CSR strategy, they will produce satisfactory products and improve self-discipline level to meet the social unnecessary legal and ethical risk can be avoided. However, the above advantages depends on the analysis of corporations particular situation and business strategy to ecide what kind of social responsibility to undertake owing to the scarcity of resources, which is called a resource-based approach or an inside-out approach (Garrett, 2010). Porter and Kramer (2006: 88, 92) argue that corporations do not have enough resources to solve all problems worldwide, thus they have to choose peculiar problems that can both distinguish from competitors and benefit corporations themselves. Barney (1991: 105-106) suggests that if the resources have the characteristics of value, rareness, inimitability and non-substitutability, they can be the source of competitive advantage. Generated with particular corporation governance and strategy, CSR is a kind of resource with such four characteristics, thus it can become the competitive advantage for corporations. In conclusion, CSR not only arouse financial expenditure, resource consumption and market constraint, but also revitalize corporations with new opportunities, renovations and competitive advantages. What kind of results occurs depends on how organisations generate CSR with their governance, daily operation and long-term strategies. Implementing CSR blindly only can prevent organisations from moving orward because it will cost resources that should have been used in developing main business. Through a resource-based and inside-out approach, companies can identify distinguishing social responsibility to carry out, which formalizes the valuable, rare and imperfectly imitable intangible resources such as good reputation, new technologies and capabilities.

The Anthropocene Extinction(2015) by Cattle Decapitation free essay sample

Yes, we will be covering these guys again. Why not? I mean its time to release another review for a new album. I do believe I have some catching up to do as well so I might as well start now while I have the chance. If you dont know already, Cattle Decapitation is a Grindcore/Deathgrind band that always have one thing on their minds, to ridicule the human nature of eating other animals or using them for other domestic reasons. Yes, when the band first began, every member was a vegitarian and well, didnt want to eat meat for the reasons Ive stated above. Despite all that, they are highly respected in the metal community as a whole. This album includes a total of 12 tracks with just over 45 minutes this time around and doesnt mess around like their previous releases. This time however, they have some extra tricks up their sleeves, they have more of a melodic feel to this album especially in tracks like Plagueborne or Ave Exitum. We will write a custom essay sample on The Anthropocene Extinction(2015) by Cattle Decapitation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This doent really detract from the brutallity you get from this album surprisingly enough mostly due to the constant blast beats and they still hit you hard, possibly harder than they ever had. The album cover is actually supposed to symbolize something too, though I cant remember what at the moment other than we will be living in eternal wastelandor something along those lines. We start the album with Manifest Extinct, the single from this album, and right from the get-go you get nothing but barrages of constant chugging and blast beats. Travis Ryan seems to have also learned some new vocal techniques for this album, or at least went to perfect it more. Those cleans you hear often throughout the album are what Im talking about here and its more like him making a nazelly growl and where he places it could ultimately affect what atmosphere this has, and he knows where to place them too. The instruments also do a good job mixing with each other pretty well for an admittedly unorganize d genre. At one point it seems like it takes the high road and gives you a bit of breathing room(mostly in the choruses of each track) and then it goes into breakdown mode with chugging that can give Bullet For My Valentine or Suffocation a run for their money(ones metalcore and ones death metal by the way). Its gross when it needs to be, its grimy when it needs to be and in general, it just does everything to try to make your neck fall off while not making it sore. It is really good. I give this album a 10/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.